Abortion-Crime Link: For an overview, see John J. Donohue III and Steven D. Levitt, "The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Crime," Quarterly Journal of Economics 116, no. 2 (2001), pp. 379-420; and John J. Donohue III and Steven D. Levitt, "Further Evidence That Legalized Abortion Low- ered Crime: A Response to Joyce," Journal of Human Resources 39, no. 1 (2004), pp. 29-49. / 136 Abortion studies in Eastern Europe and Scandi- navia: See P. K. Dagg, "The Psychological Sequelae of Therapeutic Abor- tion-Denied and Completed," American Journal of Psychiatry 148, no. 5 (May 1991), pp. 578-85; and Henry David, Zdenek Dytrych, et al., Born Unwanted: Developmental Effects of Denied Abortion (New York: Springer, 1988). / 137 The Roe v. Wade opinion: Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973). / 138 One study has shown that the typical child: See Jonathan Gruber, Philip P. Levine, and Douglas Staiger, "Abortion Legalization and Child Liv- ing Circumstances: Who Is the Marginal Child? " Quarterly Journal of Eco- nomics 114 (1999), pp. 263-91. / 138 Strongest predictors of a criminal future: See Rolf Loeber and Magda Stouthamer-Loeber, "Family Factors as Correlates and Predictors of Juvenile Conduct Problems and Delinquency," Crime and Justice, vol. 7, ed. Michael Tonry and Norval Morris (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986); also, Robert Sampson and John Laub, Crime in the Making: Pathways and Turning Points Through Life (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993). / 139 So does having a teenage mother: See William S. Comanor and Llad Phillips, "The Impact of Income and Family Structure on Delinquency," University of California-Santa Bar- bara working paper, 1999. / 139 Another study has shown that low ma-     ternal education: Pijkko Rasanen et al., "Maternal Smoking During Preg- nancy and Risk of Criminal Behavior Among Adult Male Offspring in the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort," American Journal of Psychiatry 156 (1999), pp. 857-62. / 139 Infanticide fell dramatically: See Susan Soren- son, Douglas Wiebe, and Richard Berk, "Legalized Abortion and the Homi- cide of Young Children: An Empirical Investigation," Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 2, no. 1 (2002), pp. 239-56. / 141 Studies of Australia and Canada: See Anindya Sen, "Does Increased Abortion Lead to Lower Crime? Evaluating the Relationship between Crime, Abortion, and Fertil- ity," unpublished manuscript; and Andrew Leigh and Justin Wolfers, "Abor- tion and Crime," AQ: Journal of Contemporary Analysis 72, no. 4 (2000), pp. 28-30. / 141 Many of the aborted baby girls: See John J. Donohue III, Jef- frey Grogger, and Steven D. Levitt, "The Impact of Legalized Abortion on